Detailed Methodology

14.1.1 Research Design

This study employed a mixed-methods approach, prioritising qualitative data collection through stakeholder interviews while incorporating documentary analysis of existing literature and policy frameworks.

We chose this design to capture the established knowledge base and emerging perspectives from key stakeholders involved in psychedelic therapy development and healthcare integration.

The research focused on several key objectives:

• Mapping reimbursement pathways across selected European healthcare systems
• Understanding stakeholder perspectives on implementation challenges
• Identifying country-specific barriers and opportunities
• Developing practical recommendations for various stakeholder groups

While initially planned for 10 expert interviews, the study expanded to include over 20 conversations with stakeholders, reflecting the complexity of the topic and the value of diverse perspectives. The expanded scope allowed for both cross-country comparisons and detailed country-specific analyses.

14.1.2 Data Collection Procedures

Literature Review

The review encompassed academic literature, policy documents, health technology assessment reports, and regulatory frameworks relevant to psychedelic therapies and novel treatment integration. Sources included:

• Peer-reviewed academic publications
• Government policy documents
• Health technology assessment reports
• Regulatory guidance documents
• Industry white papers and reports
• Conference proceedings and presentations

Stakeholder Interviews

Interviews were conducted primarily in Q4 2024, with additional conversations extending into February 2025. Recruitment utilised:

• Professional networks
• Referral chains from initial interviewees
• Collaborator networks
• Support from Norrsken Mind co-directors

We describe the interview protocol and detailed consultation approach in Appendix B.

14.1.3 Data Analysis Methods

The analysis followed a thematic approach, with key insights extracted from each interview and organised according to the report's structural framework. This process involved:

• Detailed review of interview notes and recordings
• Identification of recurring themes and insights
• Cross-validation of specific claims with multiple sources
• Integration of insights into the report's narrative
• Follow-up consultations with stakeholders for clarity where needed

While quantitative analysis was not a primary focus, relevant numerical data from literature and policy documents were incorporated where appropriate to support qualitative findings.

14.1.4 Ethical Considerations

The research adhered to strict ethical guidelines to protect participant privacy and ensure informed participation:

Consent and Recording

• Obtained verbal consent for all interviews
• Provided a clear explanation of the research objectives
• Permission requested for recording (used solely for note-taking purposes)
• Option to review and approve any attributed quotes

Confidentiality

• Anonymous integration of insights throughout the report
• Attribution of specific quotes or insights only with explicit approval
• Protection of commercially sensitive information
• Secure storage of interview recordings and notes

Data Protection

• Compliance with relevant data protection regulations
• Secure handling of all participant information
• Limited access to raw interview data
• Deletion of recordings after note verification